American Identity: Langston Hughes and Walt Whitman Connection

Why did Langston Hughes most likely allude to Walt Whitman's poem "I Hear America Singing"?

Check all that apply:

1. Similar theme
2. Subverting expectations
3. Empowerment and resilience
4. Historical context

Answer:

Langston Hughes most likely alluded to Walt Whitman's poem "I Hear America Singing" for multiple reasons:

1. Similar theme: Both poems explore the idea of American identity and the role of the individual in society. While Whitman's poem celebrates the diversity and collective spirit of the American people, Hughes' poem acknowledges the experiences and aspirations of African Americans who have been marginalized.
2. Subverting expectations: Hughes' allusion to Whitman's poem challenges the traditional narrative of American identity by asserting the presence and importance of black Americans in the national narrative.
3. Empowerment and resilience: By referencing Whitman's poem, Hughes highlights the resilience and determination of African Americans in the face of adversity, asserting their right to have a voice and be included in the national song of America.
4. Historical context: Hughes wrote his poem during the Harlem Renaissance, a cultural movement celebrating African American art and literature. By connecting his work to Whitman's poem, Hughes makes a statement about the ongoing struggle for equality and recognition.

Explanation:

Langston Hughes' poem "I, Too, Sing America" alludes to Walt Whitman's "I Hear America Singing" for a variety of compelling reasons. The connection between the two works sheds light on the evolving concept of American identity, particularly in terms of inclusion, diversity, and resilience.

Firstly, by drawing inspiration from Whitman's celebration of the American people's collective spirit, Hughes brings attention to the experiences and aspirations of African Americans who have historically been marginalized. This parallel theme of American identity highlights the importance of recognizing and embracing the voices of all individuals within the nation.

Moreover, Hughes' allusion to Whitman's poem serves as a powerful tool for subverting expectations. While Whitman's work predominantly focuses on the voices of white Americans, Hughes' poem challenges this traditional narrative by asserting the presence and significance of black Americans in shaping the national story. This subversion empowers African Americans by affirming their rightful place in the American cultural landscape.

Additionally, the reference to Whitman's poem underscores the resilience and determination of African Americans in the face of adversity. Just as Whitman celebrates the diverse occupations and contributions of Americans, Hughes emphasizes the right of African Americans to be heard and recognized. This theme of empowerment through resilience resonates throughout Hughes' work, showcasing the enduring spirit of a community that has faced historical challenges.

Finally, considering the historical context in which Hughes wrote his poem is crucial to understanding the depth of his allusion to Whitman. As a prominent figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Hughes was part of a cultural movement that sought to uplift and celebrate African American art and literature. By connecting his work to Whitman's, Hughes not only pays homage to the broader literary tradition but also underscores the ongoing struggle for equality and representation in American society.

In conclusion, the connection between Langston Hughes' "I, Too, Sing America" and Walt Whitman's "I Hear America Singing" illuminates key themes of American identity, empowerment, resilience, and historical context. Through this allusion, Hughes offers a poignant reflection on the past, present, and future of the American experience, calling upon us to embrace a more inclusive and diverse national narrative.