Construct NPDA's for Various Languages

What are the approaches to construct NPDA's for the following languages? To construct NPDA's that accept the given languages, different approaches are used depending on the language.

For language (a):

One can use a stack to keep track of the number of 'a's, 'b's, and 'c's. Transitions in the NPDA will depend on the current symbol and top symbol of the stack. For example, pushing 'a' onto the stack when reading an 'a'.

For language (b):

Similar to (a), utilizing the stack approach but with different transitions. For example, pushing 'a' onto the stack when reading an 'a' and popping 'a' from the stack when reading a 'b'.

For language (c):

Two stacks are used to keep track of 'a's and 'b's. Transitions depend on the current symbol and top symbol of the stacks. For example, pushing 'a' onto the 'a' stack when reading an 'a'.

For language (d):

A non-deterministic approach is taken with two branches to keep track of the first and second half of the input string. For instance, pushing 'a' onto the stack on both branches. NPDA should end in accepting states simultaneously.

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