Step-Up Transformers: Boosting Energy Efficiency in Power Transmission

What is the purpose of step-up transformers in power transmission?

a. To decrease the voltage for distribution to homes and factories

b. To increase the current in the transmission cables

c. To increase the voltage from power stations to reduce energy losses

Answer:

c. To increase the voltage from power stations to reduce energy losses

Step-up transformers play a crucial role in power transmission by increasing the voltage from power stations to reduce energy losses. By boosting the voltage to thousands of volts, step-up transformers effectively lower the current in the transmission cables, thereby minimizing energy wastage due to heating.

When electricity is transmitted over long distances at high voltages, the energy lost as heat is significantly reduced. This is because the energy lost is directly proportional to the square of the current. Therefore, by stepping up the voltage, the National Grid can enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental impact.

Step-up transformers achieve this by having more turns on the secondary coil than on the primary coil. This configuration increases the voltage without a corresponding increase in current. The transformed electricity is then ready for efficient transmission over long distances before being distributed to homes and factories.