The Fundamental Differences between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan

The Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan were two significant proposals put forward during the Constitutional Convention of 1787 in the United States. These plans outlined differing ideas on how representation in the legislature should be structured, reflecting the tensions between large and small states at the time.

Virginia Plan

The Virginia Plan, proposed by James Madison, favored a bicameral legislature where representation in both houses would be based on the population of each state. This meant that larger states would have more representatives than smaller states, reflecting their higher population levels. The plan was supported by states with larger populations, such as Virginia and Pennsylvania, as they believed they deserved more influence due to their size.

New Jersey Plan

In contrast, the New Jersey Plan, presented by William Paterson, advocated for a unicameral legislature where each state would have equal representation. This meant that regardless of a state's population size, they would have the same number of representatives in the national legislature. Smaller states supported this plan as it ensured they would have equal say in the decision-making process, preventing larger states from overpowering them.

Compromise and Resolution

The debate between the Virginia Plan and the New Jersey Plan highlighted the need for a compromise to move forward with creating a new constitution. This led to the Great Compromise, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, where a two-house Congress was established. The House of Representatives would have representation based on population, as proposed in the Virginia Plan, while the Senate would provide equal representation for all states, as suggested in the New Jersey Plan.

Ultimately, the Great Compromise resolved the conflict between the large and small states, creating a balanced system of representation that satisfied both parties. This compromise laid the foundation for the structure of the United States Congress that remains in place today, showcasing the importance of negotiation and compromise in the political process.